Chapter 10 The Sermon at Benares Class 10 English First Flight NCERT Summary
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Chapter 10 The Sermon at Benares Class 10 English First Flight NCERT Notes
Gautama Buddha was born in 563 B.C. His name was Siddhartha Gautama, and he was born into a royal family. When he was 12, he was sent away to study the sacred Hindu scriptures. He returned after four years. At sixteen, he married a princess. They had a son. For ten years, the couple lived a happy life. Siddhartha was shielded from the suffering of the world.
He later encountered a sick man, an aged man, and a funeral procession when he was twenty-five. After encountering a monk begging for alms, he decided to give up worldly pleasures and become a beggar. This was his first encounter with harsh reality. His spiritual quest led him to leave his family and become a beggar.
After wandering for seven years in search of enlightenment, Siddhartha sat under a peepal tree and meditated for seven days before attaining enlightenment. The tree became known as the Bodhi Tree, the tree of wisdom after that. Siddhartha began preaching spiritual wisdom to people after achieving enlightenment and began to call himself Gautama Buddha. His first sermon was given to a lady named Kisa Gotami in Benares. The wisdom he shared about life and death was evident in his sermon.
Kisa Gotami was a poor woman whose only son had died. She was so grieved that she ran from house to house, trying to get medicine to save his son. All the neighbours could offer her nothing, but sympathy. When a man noticed Kisa’s grief, he suggested she meet Sakyamuni, Buddha, as only he could help her. Kisa Goatami told Buddha about her son’s death.
The Buddha instructed her to collect a handful of mustard seeds from a house where no close friends and family members had ever died. After running to every house, Kisa realized that there was no place on earth where no one had ever died. She also realized that she was being selfish because of the death of his son. Death is common to all of us. One can only attain immortality by letting go of all his selfishness.
In his sermon, Buddha taught that death is inevitable for all mortals, no matter how wise or foolish, young or old they are. Everyone will die. Peace comes from accepting this sad truth and getting over it.
Chapter 10 The Sermon at Benares Short Notes
Buddha was born a prince. He was named Siddhartha Gautama. At sixteen, he married and enjoyed a ten-year period of royal privileges. Until the age of twenty-five, he was protected from world sufferings.
After seeing a sick man, an elderly man, and a funeral procession, he gave up royal pleasures and set out to seek enlightenment.
After wandering for seven years, he sat under a big tree in meditation. Enlightenment came after seven days. He named the tree the Bodhi Tree. He was known as the Buddha or the Awakened.
In Benares, on the Ganges, where the Buddha preached his first sermon, Kisa Gotami’s son had died. She had lost her senses and carried the dead boy to all her neighbours. She asked for medicines to cure him. That night, she asked the Buddha to give her son such medicine.
Kisa Gotami was asked by the Buddha to bring some mustard seeds from a place where no one died. Although she was able to get some mustard seeds, she was not able to locate a place where no one had died.
She realized that she was selfish in her grief, and that death is the same for all. Giving up selfishness leads to immortality. Death and decay afflict the world. He who has overcome all sorrow will become blessed and enlightened.
Chapter 10 The Sermon at Benares Hindi Summary
गौतम बुद्ध का जन्म 563 ईसा पूर्व में हुआ था। उनका नाम सिद्धार्थ गौतम था, और उनका जन्म एक शाही परिवार में हुआ था। जब वे 12 वर्ष के थे, तब उन्हें पवित्र हिंदू धर्मग्रंथों का अध्ययन करने के लिए भेज दिया गया था। वह चार साल बादलौटे। सोलह साल की उम्र में उन्होंने एक राजकुमारी से शादी कर ली। इनका एक बेटा हुआ। दस साल तक दंपति एक खुशहाल जीवन जी रहे थे। सिद्धार्थ को संसार के कष्टों से बचाया गया।
बाद में उनका सामना एक बीमार व्यक्ति, एक वृद्ध व्यक्ति और पच्चीस वर्ष की उम्र में एक अंतिम संस्कार के जुलूस से हुआ। भिक्षा मांगने वाले एक साधु से मिलने के बाद, उन्होंने सांसारिक सुखों को त्यागकर भिखारी बनने का फैसला किया। कठोर वास्तविकता के साथ यह उनकी पहली मुलाकात थी। उनकी आध्यात्मिक खोज ने उन्हें अपने परिवार को छोड़कर भिखारी बनने के लिए प्रेरित किया।
ज्ञान की तलाश में सात साल तक भटकने के बाद, सिद्धार्थ एक पीपल के पेड़ के नीचे बैठ गए और ज्ञान प्राप्त करने से पहले सात दिनों तक ध्यान किया। उसके बाद उस वृक्ष को बोधि वृक्ष यानि ज्ञान के वृक्ष के रूप में जाना जाने लगा। सिद्धार्थ ने ज्ञान प्राप्त करने के बाद लोगों को आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान का उपदेश देना शुरू किया और खुद को गौतम बुद्ध कहने लगे। उनका पहला उपदेश बनारस में किसा गौतमी नाम की एक महिला को दिया गया था। उन्होंने जीवन और मृत्यु के बारे में जो ज्ञान साझा किया, वह उनके उपदेश में स्पष्ट था।
किसा गोतमी एक गरीब महिला थी जिसका इकलौता बेटा मर गया था। वह इतनी दुखी थी कि वह अपने बेटे को बचाने के लिए दवा लेने की कोशिश में घर-घर भागी। सभी पड़ोसी उसे सहानुभूति के अलावा कुछ नहीं दे सकते थे। जब एक व्यक्ति ने किसा के दुःख को देखा, तो उसने सुझाव दिया कि वह शाक्यमुनि बुद्ध से मिलें, क्योंकि केवल वह ही उसकी मदद कर सकते थे। किसा गौतमी ने बुद्ध को अपने पुत्र की मृत्यु के बारे में बताया।
बुद्ध ने उसे एक ऐसे घर से मुट्ठी भर सरसों के दाने इकट्ठा करने का निर्देश दिया, जहां कभी किसी करीबी दोस्त और परिवार के किसी सदस्य की मृत्यु नहीं हुई हो। हर घर में दौड़ने के बाद किसा को एहसास हुआ कि धरती पर ऐसी कोई जगह नहीं है जहां कभी किसी की मौत न हुई हो। उसने यह भी महसूस किया कि वह अपने बेटे की मृत्यु के कारण स्वार्थी हो रही थी। मौत हम सभी के लिए आम है। अपने सभी स्वार्थों को त्यागकर ही कोई अमरत्व प्राप्त कर सकता है।
अपने उपदेश में, बुद्ध ने सिखाया कि सभी नश्वर लोगों के लिए मृत्यु अनिवार्य है, चाहे वे कितने भी बुद्धिमान या मूर्ख, युवा या बूढ़े क्यों न हों। सब मर जायेंगे। इस दुखद सत्य को स्वीकार करने और उस पर काबू पाने से शांति मिलती है।