The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China Important Questions Class 10 History
The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China Important Questions Class 10 History lay a great foundation for your future development. These questions and answers will provide you with adequate time to research and work on their assignments. You must understand the basics of the subjects if you want to do well in your exams.
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The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China Important Questions and Answers Class 10 History
The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)
1. How was the maritime silk route useful for Vietnam?
Solution
Vietnam brought in goods, people and ideas from China from maritime silk route.
2. French colonization of Vietnam was based on which two ideas?
Solution
Economic exploitation and the Civilizing Mission.
3. When did French troop land in Vietnam and when was French Indo-China formed?
Solution
French troops landed in Vietnam in 1858 and in 1887, French Indo-China was formed.
4. What was the most visible form of French control over Vietnam?
Solution
The most visible form of French control over Vietnam was military and economic domination.
5. Why did the French consider the colonies to be essential?
Solution
To the French colonies were essential as they supplied natural resources and other essential goods.
6. What was the colonial economy in Vietnam based on?
Solution
The colonial economy in Vietnam was based on rice cultivation and rubber plantation owned by the French and a small Vietnamese elite.
7. What helped French to increase production of rice in Mekong Valley?
Solution
The vast systems of irrigation work, canals and earthworks built mainly with forced labour, increased rice production and allowed the export of rice to international market.
8. How was French Indo-China formed?
Solution
French troops captured northern region of Vietnam. After the Franco-Chinese war, the French assumed control of Tonkin and Annam. In 1887, French Indo China was formed.
9. In which school did the protest erupt when a girl student was expelled?
Solution
This incident took place in 1926 in Saigon Native Girls School.
10. What did the French do to counter the Chinese influence on The Vietnamese?
Solution
The French systematically dismantled the traditional educational system and established French schools for the Vietnamese.
11. What kind of education was given in Tonkin Free School?
Solution
This education included classes in science, hygiene and French. Besides, science and western education, Vietnamese also had to look modern.
12. How were the Vietnamese represented in the school textbooks?
Solution
The Vietnamese were represented as primitive and backward, capable of manual labour but not of intellectual reflection. They could work in the fields but not rule themselves.
13. What kind of parties and journals were formed by students of Vietnam to protest against French?
Solution
By 1920s, students formed various political parties, such as ‘Party of Young Annan’ and published nationalist journals such as ‘Annanese Student’ regularly.
14. What was the main aim of the ‘Scholar Revolt’ of 1868?
Solution
The main aim of ‘Scholar Revolt’ of 1868 was to oppose French control and expansion of Christianity.
15. What were the syncretic traditions?
Solution
Syncretism aimed to bring together different beliefs and practices, seeing their essential unity rather than their differences. In Vietnam, they combined Buddhism and local beliefs.
16. Why did the United States of America intervene in the Vietnam war against the French?
Solution
The United States of America intervened in the Vietnam war against the French to check the growth of communist power.
17. Who became the chairman of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam?
Solution
Ho Chi Minh became the chairman of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
18. What was scholar’s revolt?
Solution
Scholar’s revolt was started in 1868 against French control. This revolt was led by officials at the imperial court angered by the spread of Catholicism and French Power.
19. Name the writer who wrote the book ‘The History of the Loss of Vietnam’.
Solution
‘The History of the Loss of Vietnam’ was written by Phan Boi Chau. He had written this book under the strong influence and advice of Chinese reformer Liang Qichao.
20. Who fought against the Japanese control of Vietnam?
Solution
In 1940, Japan occupied Vietnam. So the league for the independence of Vietnam, which was called ‘Vietminh’ fought the Japanese occupation and recaptured Hanoi in September 1945.
21. Which movement was started in Vietnam in 1868 against the spread of Christianity?
Solution
The Scholars’ Revolt was started against the spread of Christianity.
22. How did the French try to strengthen their control over Vietnam?
Solution
The French tried to strengthen their control over Vietnam by changing the values and perceptions of Vietnamese.
23. To which country did Ngo Dinh Diem belong?
Solution
Ngo Dinh Diem belonged to Vietnam.
24. What was Ho Chi Minh Trail?
Solution
Ho Chi Minh Trail was an immense network of footpaths and roads was used to transport men and materials from North to the South. The trail had supported bases and hospitals along the way.
The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)
1. How was education seen as one of the ways to civilise the natives of Vietnam by French?
Solution
(i) The French needed an educated local labour force but they feared that education might create problems.
(ii) French citizens living in Vietnam, began fearing that they might lose jobs as teachers, shopkeepers, policemen to the educated Vietnamese.
(iii) So they opposed policies that would give the Vietnamese full access to French education.
2. Explain any three steps taken by the French to achieve their aim to exploit the natural resource of Vietnam.
Solution
(i) The French built canals and drained lands in the Mekong delta to increase cultivation. The vast system of irrigation works canals and earthworks-built with forced labour, increased rice production and allowed the export of rice to the international market.
(ii) Then they started infrastructure projects to help transport goods for trade, move military garrisons and control the entire region.
(iii) Construction of a Trans-Indo-China rail network that would link the northern and southern parts of Vietnam and China was begun.
3. How did the French provide a western style of education to the Vietnamese?
Solution
(i) For modern education, the Tonkin Free School was started in 1907.
(ii) The education included classes in science, hygiene and French.
(iii) The school also encouraged the adoption of western styles such as having a short haircut to look modern.
4. What did the Vietnamese derive from the ‘Go East’ movement?
Solution
(i) In 1907-08, some 300 Vietnamese students went to Japan to receive modern education.
(ii) Their primary object was to drive out French from Vietnam and re-establish the Nguyen dynasty, that had been removed by the French.
(iii) These nationalists looked for foreign arms and help.
(iv) Vietnamese students established a branch of ‘Restoration Society’ in Tokyo but after 1908, the Japanese ministry arrested them and later, forced them to leave Japan.
5. What was the dilemma that the French had regarding imparting education to Vietnamese?
Solution
French colonisation adopted the idea of a ‘civilising mission’. They wanted to educate the ‘native’ to civilise them. They were also doing so because they required educated local labour force. But they feared that education might create the following problems.
(i) Educated Vietnamese may question colonial domination.
(ii) French citizens living in Vietnam (called colons) also developed fear of losing their jobs as teachers, shopkeepers, policemen to the educated Vietnamese. So they opposed policies that would give the Vietnamese full access to French education.
6. Describe the views of Paul Bernard on the question of development of the colonies. Mention any three barriers which were a hurdle in improving the economies of Vietnam.
Solution
Paul Bernard strongly believed that the economy of the colonies needed to be developed. He argued that the purpose of gaining control over colonies was to make profits. If the economy was developed and the standard of living of the people improved, they would be able to buy more goods. As a result, the market would expand which would lead to better profits for French business. The three barriers which were a hurdle in improving the economy of Vietnam:
(i) High population levels
(ii) Low agricultural productivity
(iii) Extensive indebtedness amongst the peasants.
7. Why was the Vietnam war called the first television war?
Solution
(i) This was a war that had been called the first television war, as battle scenes were shown on the daily news programmes.
(ii) US people could see how thousands of young US soldiers had lost their lives and countless Vietnamese civilians had been killed. So, people criticised the war.
8. Describe the major protest erupted in Saigon Native Girls School in 1926, in Vietnam.
Solution
(i) In 1926, a major protest erupted in the Saigon Native Girls School. A Vietnamese girl sitting in one of the front seats was asked to move to the back of the class and allow a local French student to occupy the front bench.
(ii) When the Vietnamese girl refused, the principal, also a colon, expelled her. At this the angry students protested. But they too were expelled, leading to a further spread of open protests.
(iii) Seeing the situation out of control, the government forced the school to take the students back. The principal reluctantly agreed.
9. Name the most influential book of Phan Boi Chan. Write about the two themes related to this book.
Solution
Phan’s most influential book is The History of the Loss of Vietnam. The book focuses on two connected themes, the loss of sovereignty and the severing of ties with China- ties that bound the elites of the two countries within a shared culture.
10. What was the role of NLF in Vietnam?
Solution
(i) With the help of the Ho Chi Minh government in the north, the NLF or the National Liberation Front fought for the unification of the country.
(ii) It was able to overthrow the Bao Dai regime in South Vietnam.
(iii) It defeated his dictatorial rule and brought peace in the country.
11. What were the three steps taken by the French to solve the problem of plague in Vietnam?
Solution
The three steps taken to solve the problem of plague in Vietnam are given below:
(i) Rat hunt was started in 1902. The French hired Vietnamese workers and paid them for each rat they caught.
(ii) Bounty programme was started. Those who did the dirty work of entering sewers could negotiate a bounty. The bounty was paid when a tail was given as a proof that a rat had been killed.
(iii) Clearing of the large sewers on a regular basis as they had become an ideal and protected breeding ground for rats.
12. ‘The US intervention in Vietnam proved costly to both US and Vietnam’. Explain.
Solution
(i) From 1965 to 1972, over 3,403,100 US services personnel served in Vietnam. Even though the
US had advanced technology and good medical supplies, causalities were high.
(ii) About 47,244 died in battle and 303,704 were wounded. The war proved costly for Vietnam too. Thousands of US troops arrived equipped with heavy weapons and tanks barked by B.52 bombers.
(iii) The widespread attacks and use of chemical weapons – Napalm, Agent orange, and phosphorous bombs destroyed many villages and decimated jungles. Civilian causalities were very high.
13. Who was Phan Chu Trinh ? How did he help in the modernisation of Vietnam?
Solution
Phan Chu Trinh was a Nationalist of Vietnam during 1871-1926. He helped in the modernisation of Vietnam by his deadly attitude against monarchy.
(i) He was a real admirer of Democratic Republic.
(ii) He accepted the democratic ideals of the west and French revolutionary Ideal of liberty.
(iii) His demand to the French government was to set up legal and educational institutions and give attention to the development of economy by the promotion of agriculture and industries.
14. Write three main characteristics of Trieu Au, the rebel woman of Vietnam.
Solution
(i) Trieu Au was one of the most venerated rebel women of Vietnam during the third century CE. She was an orphan and lived with her brother.
(ii) She resisted Chinese occupation until her death. When she grew up she left home, went into the jungle and organised a large army. At last when her army was crushed she drowned herself instead of surrendering.
(iii) After her death, she was worshipped as a martyr with a sacred image. Reason behind her worship was her dedication to and sacrifice for her nation.
The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)
1. How did nationalism emerge in Vietnam through the efforts of different sections of society to fight against the French? Analyse.
Solution
(i) The colonization of Vietnam by French brought the people of the country into conflict with the colonisers in all areas of life.
(ii) Vietnamese began reflecting on the nature of the loss. Nationalist resistance developed out of this reflection.
(iii) Teachers, students fought against the colonial government’s efforts.
(iv) Many religious movements were hostile to the western presence.
(v) Development in China also inspired Vietnamese nationalists.
(vi) Vietnamese students organized the association for the restoration of Vietnam and then the anti-French independence movement changed.
2. “The division of Vietnam set in motion a series of events that turned the country into a battlefield.” Support the statement.
Solution
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was formed under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh. The new republic faced a number of problems.
(i) The French tried to regain their control taking help of the emperor, Bao Dai, their puppet. They became successful in forcing Vietminh to retreat to the hills.
(ii) The Supreme French Commander of the French armies, General Henry Navarre had declared confidently in 1953 that they would soon be victorious. But this did not happen.
(iii) On 7 May 1954, the Vietminh destroyed and captured more than 16,000 soldiers of the French Expeditionary Corps.
(iv) The entire commanding staff, including a general, 16 colonels and 1,749 officers were made prisoners.
(v) The Vietnamese were persuaded to accept the division of the country. North and South were split. Ho Chi Minh and the Communists took power in the north while Bao Dai’s regime was put in power in the south.
(v) This division set in motion a series of events that turned Vietnam into a battlefield bringing death and destruction to its people and the environment.
(vii) The Bao Dai regime was soon overthrown by a coup led by Ngo Diah Diem. Diem built a repressive and authoritarian government. Anyone who opposed him was called a communist and was failed and killed.
(viii) Diem’s dictatorial regime came to be opposed by a broad opposition united under the banner of the National Liberation Front (NLF).
(ix) With the help of the Ho Chi Minh government in the north the NLF fought for the unification of the country. The US watched this alliance with fear. Worried about communists gaining power, it decided to intervene decisively, sending in troops and arms.
3. “The Ho Chi Minh Trail became advantageous to Vietnamese in the war against U.S.” Support the statement with arguments.
Solution
(i) The trail symbolises how the Vietnamese used their limited resources to great advantages.
(ii) The trial, an immense network of footpaths and roads was used to transport men and material from North to South.
(iii) It was improved in late 1950’s and from 1967 about 20,000 North Vietnamese troops came south each month. The trial had support bases and hospitals along the way.
(iv) Mostly supplies were carried by much porters in their backs or on their bicycles.
(v) The US regularly bombing the trail to disrupt supplies but efforts to destroy this important supply live by intensive bombing failed because they were rebuilt very quickly.
4. “Rats were most common in the modern newly built areas of Hanoi.” How was the rat hunt started in Hanoi?
Solution
(i) To get rid of rats, a ‘Rat Hunt’ was started in 1902. The French hired Vietnamese workers and paid them for each rat they caught.
(ii) Rats began to be caught in thousands but still there seemed to be no end.
(iii) Those who did the dirty work of entering sewers found that if they came together, they could get more money.
(iv) The compensation was paid when a tail was given as a proof that a rat had been killed.
(v) So the rat catchers took to just clipping the tails and releasing the rats, so that the process
could be repeated over and over again.
(vi) Ultimately, the French were forced to stop the bounty programme. In spite of this arrangement, the plague swept through the area.
5. Discuss the contribution of Ho Chi Minh in Vietnamese nationalist struggle.
Solution
(i) The prices of rubber and rice fell. This led to rising rural debts, unemployment and rural uprising in the poorest provinces of Nghe An and Ha Tinh. However, the French suppressed these uprisings with great severity. It used planes to bomb demonstrators.
(ii) In February 1930, Ho Chi Minh brought together competing nationalist groups to establish the Vietnamese Communist (Vietnamese Cong San Dang) Party. It was later renamed the Indo-Chinese Communist Party.
(iii) Ho Chi Minh was inspired by the militant demonstrations of the European Communist parties.
(iv) In 1940, Japan occupied Vietnam, as part of its imperial drive to control Southeast Asia. The nationalists now had to fight against the Japanese as well as the French. The League for the Independence of Vietnam (Vietnam Doc Lap Dong Minh), which came to be known as the Vietminh fought the Japanese occupation and recaptured Hanoi in September 1945.
(v) The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was formed and Ho Chi Minh was made the Chairman.
6. What was the impact of education on the Vietnamese elite?
Solution
(i) Students fought against the colonial government’s efforts to prevent the Vietnamese from qualifying for white-collar jobs.
(ii) They were inspired by patriotic feelings and felt that it was their duty to fight for the society.
(iii) By the 1920s, students formed various political parties, such as ‘Party of Young Annan’ and published nationalist journals like ‘Annanese Student’.
(iv) The French tried to strengthen their rule through the control of education. They tried to change the perception of the people and to make them believe in the superiority of the French.
7. Explain the situation and aftermath of US involvement in the war in Vietnam.
Solution
(i) US entry into the war proved costly to the Vietnamese as well as to the Americans.
(ii) They remained in Vietnam from 1965 to 1972.
(iii) Thousands of US troops arrived with heavy weapons and tanks and were backed by the most powerful bombers of the time-B52.
(iv) They used Chemical weapons-Napalm, Agent Orange and Phosphorus bombs to destroy Vietnamese villages.
(v) The US wanted to establish a democratic government in Vietnam.
(vi) The US watched the unification of North & South Taiwan with fear. It did not want the communist to gain power so it intervened.
8. Give any four features of the Ho Chi Minh trail in the Vietnamese war against the U.S.
Solution
(i) The Ho Chi Minh trail had great significance in the Vietnamese war against the US. It symbolises how the Vietnamese used their limited resources to great advantage.
(ii) The trail, an immense network of footpaths and roads, was used to transport men and materials from the north to the south.
(iii) The trail was improved from the late 1950s, and from 1967 about 20,000 North Vietnamese troops came south each month on this trail
(iv) The trail had support bases and hospitals along the way. In some parts supplies were transported in trucks but mostly they were carried by porters.
(v) Most of the trail was outside Vietnam in neighbouring Laos, and Cambodia with branch lines extending into South Vietnam.
9. “The peace negotiations in Geneva followed the division of Vietnam that set in motion a series of events that turned Vietnam into a battlefield.” Analyse the statement with arguments.
Solution
(i) In the peace negotiations in Geneva that followed the French defeat, the Vietnamese were persuaded to accept the division of the country, i.e., North and South.
(ii) The division set in motion, a series of events that turned Vietnam into a battlefield bringing death and destructions to its people as well as the environment.
(iii) The Bao Dai regime was soon overthrown by a camp led by Ngo Dinh Diem Diam built a
repressive and authoritarian government.
(iv) Anyone who opposed him was called a communist and was jailed and killed.
(v) With the help of Ho Chi Minh government in North the NLF fought for the unification of the country. The US watched this alliance with fear. Worried about the communist gaining power, it decided to intervene decisively sending in troops and arms.