NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Political Science Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy

If you are preparing for your exams, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Political Science Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy can help you ace them. The Solutions provide detailed explanations for all the questions present in the NCERT textbook. By taking help from the Solutions, you will be able to understand the concepts better and prepare your answers more accurately. Chapter 7 Class 10 Political Science NCERT solutions are prepared by experts and offer a step-by-step explanation of the concepts. Taking help from these will definitely help you score better in your exams.

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Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy Class 10 Political Science NCERT Solutions

1. How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government?

Solution

(i) Democracy produces an accountable government. The most basic outcome of democracy should be that it produces a government that is accountable to the citizens and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens. A citizen should to able to participate in decision-making that affects all. Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation.

(ii) Democracy produces responsive government. The democratic government should be attentive to the needs and demands of the people and be largely free of corruption. Democracies often frustrate the needs of the people and often ignore the demands of a majority of its population. At the same time, there is nothing to show that non-democracies are less corrupt or more sensitive to the people.

(iii) Democracy produces legitimate government. A democratic government is people’s own government. People wish to be ruled by representatives elected by them. They also believe that democracy is suitable for their country. Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that cannot be ignored.

2. What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities?

Solution

By maintaining discipline and accommodating various social divisions, democratic governments strive to keep peace and harmony among their citizens. This has been done in Belgium and in India. Governments that are democratic try to resolve differences, respect differences, and find ways to negotiate differences, just as countries that aren’t democratic do.

3. Give arguments to support or oppose the following assertions:
a. Industrialised countries can afford democracy but the poor need dictatorship to become rich.
b. Democracy can’t reduce inequality of incomes between different citizens.
c. The government in poor countries should spend less on poverty reduction, health, education and spend more on industries and infrastructure.
d. In a democracy, all citizens have one vote, which means that there is an absence of any domination and conflict.

Solution

a. In a finding, comparison between democracies and dictatorship from 1950’s to the year 2000 showed that economic growth was slightly more in dictatorship. For example, industrialised countries like the USA showed a high degree of inequalities between the rich and poor, the blacks and white people, etc. However, this growth rate was negligible. Economic growth rate depends more on other factors than on the kinds of government. Such factors include population, global situation, cooperation between countries and economic priorities and policies of a country.

b. There is no doubt that democracy provides equal opportunity to all members of society. It gives equal access to natural resources to all citizens. As a result, there needs to be less inequality in democracy. However, the present is quite different from reality. In reality, inequality between various sections of society is growing every day. The rich are getting richer while the poor are staying poor. In a democracy, we cannot prevent anyone from making more money. Democracy cannot reduce inequality of income between citizens since everyone gets equal opportunities to earn. The difference is in the opportunity to earn more or less.

c. Development of a nation depends on industrialisation but it is not the only means of development. One needs a population which has a high rate of literacy, wide knowledge and skills. A population with low literacy rate, poor health is a burden for any country. It is wrong to say that government should spend more on industries. A balance must be maintained between investment on food, clothing, health and education, and industries. The former are a part of human development, without which industrialisation will not achieve much.

d. The principle of one vote does not mean that there is absence of any domination and conflict in a democracy. Conflicts can occur if the demands of one group conflict with the demands of other groups. The only way to avoid conflicts in a democracy is to accommodate and negotiate, and to avoid all possible conflicts in society by giving everyone equal rights and freedoms. Political parties cannot ignore any social group since every citizen has one vote. To win their support during elections, they must promote policies that include all social groups.

4. Identify the challenges to democracy in the following descriptions. Also, suggest policy/institutional mechanism to deepen democracy in the given situations:

a. Following a High Court directive, a temple in Orissa that had separate entry doors for Dalits and non-Dalits allowed entry for all from the same door.

Solution

Practicing untouchability or casteism was forbidden by our Constitution. Our High Court restored the Right to Equality. Education and national festivals should be used to eradicate casteism from India.

b. A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India.

Solution

Here, Poverty is the key challenge. To address poverty, the government must promote agriculture and diversity in agriculture, so as to raise the farmers’ economic status.

c. Following allegation of killing of three civilians in Gandwara in a fake encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police, an enquiry has been ordered.

Solution

These incidents can be avoided if the police department and its actions are transparent and the government promotes human rights. The challenge is the security of citizens, which violates a fundamental right.

5. In the context of democracies, which of the following ideas is correct – democracies have successfully eliminated?
A. conflicts among people
B. economic inequalities among people
C. differences of opinion about how marginalised sections are to be treated
D. the idea of political inequality

Solution

D. the idea of political inequality

6. In the context of assessing democracy which among the following is odd one out? Democracies need to ensure:
A. free and fair elections
B. the dignity of the individual
C. majority rule
D. equal treatment before the law

Solution

C. Majority rule

7. Studies on political and social inequalities in democracy show that
A. democracy and development go together.
B. inequalities exist in democracies.
C. inequalities do not exist under a dictatorship.
D. dictatorship is better than democracy.

Solution

B. inequalities exist in democracies.