NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

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Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Geography NCERT Solutions

1. Multiple choice questions.

(i) Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?
(a) Agricultural expansion.
(b) Large scale developmental projects.
(c) Grazing and fuelwood collection.
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation.

Solution

(c) Grazing and fuelwood collection.

(ii) Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?
(a) Joint forest management
(b) Beej Bachao Andolan
(c) Chipko Movement
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries

Solution

(d) Demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries

2. Match the following animals with their category of existence.

Animals/Plants	Category of existence
Black Buck	Extinct
Asiatic Elephant	Rare
Andaman wild pig	Endangered
Himalayan Brown Bear	Vulnerable
Pink Head Duck	Endemic

Solution

Animals/Plants	Category of existence
Black Buck	Endangered
Asiatic Elephant	Vulnerable
Andaman wild pig	Endemic
Himalayan Brown Bear	Rare
Pink Head Duck	Extinct

3. Match the following.

Reserved Forests	Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities
Protected Forests	Forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources
Unclassed Forests	Forest lands are protected from any further depletion

Solution

Reserved Forests	Forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources
Protected Forests	Forest lands are protected from any further depletion
Unclassed Forests	Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities

4. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives?

Solution

Biodiversity means the quantity and variety of plant and animal species found in a given environment. Biodiversity is immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form and function but closely integrated in a system through multiple network of interdependencies.

Importance of Biodiversity in human life:
(i) It has ecological, economic and scientific importance.
(ii) Species of many kinds develop a life support system from each other.
(iii) These affect the climate and ecosystem.

(ii) How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain

Solution

Many factors have caused the depletion of flora and fauna, out of which, man is the major cause for the ecological imbalance. Human activities have depleted our forests and wildlife resources.
(i) Expansion of railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry is the major cause of depletion of fauna and flora.
(ii) Large-scale development projects have contributed to the loss of forests, like on river Narmada
(iii) Mining is another factor of deforestation. It has disturbed the natural habitat.

5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India.

Solution

Traditional communities in Indian forests rely heavily on forests for their livelihoods. As well as working with government officials in some areas to conserve forests, villagers themselves are preserving habitats and explicitly rejecting government intervention in many areas.

In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining and destruction of forest by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.

The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’, enforcing their own set of rules and regulations, They do not allow hunting, and are protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.

The Bishnois of Rajasthan are well known for protecting black bucks (chinkara), an endangered species, and herds of black buck, nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community and nobody harms them.

The famous Chipko Movement in the Himalayas led by local communities, especially women, successfully resisted deforestation in several areas. They have also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful.

Traditional conservation methods are revived through the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya.

The Joint Forest Management programme furnishes a good example for involving local communities in management and restoration of degraded Forests.

(ii) Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.

Solution

Conservation of forest and wildlife is necessary because it preserves the ecological diversity and preserves our life support system. The National Forest Policy outlines the following for protection, conservation and development of forests in India.

(i) Maintenance of environmental stability through preservation and restoration of ecological balance.
(ii) Substantial increase in forest tree cover through massive afforestation and social forestry programmes.
(iii) Steps to meet the requirements of wood fuel in form of firewood and leaf litter, fodder and minor forest products by increasing productivity of forests.
(iv) Encouragement of efficient utilisation of forest produce and optimum substitution of wood.
(v) Steps to create massive people’s movement with involvement of women to achieve the conservation of our national heritage and minimise the pressure on existing forests.

For conservation of wildlife the following steps have been undertaken in India :

(i) Development of 88 national parks, 490 wildlife sanctuaries and 13 biosphere reserves.
(ii) Implementation of Wildlife Protection Act.
(iii) Protection of remaining population of endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats and restricting trade in wildlife.
(iv) Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Elephant, etc, for protection of threatened species in their natural habitats, 27 tiger reserves have been set up under Project Tiger.
(v) Four coral reefs have been identified for conservatin and management. Many wetlands in the country are linked with river system.